Modern surveying involves use of sophisticated scientific instruments, mathematical methods and computational techniques. This book on surveying explains comprehensively the principles of surveying instruments and derivation of mathematical formulae. Separate chapters have been written on “Underground surveys” and “Computer Programs in surveying” to incorporate the recent developments in this field.
"Surveying is basic to engineering"
Before any engineering work can be started we must prepare a plan or map of the area showing topographical details. This involves both horizontal and vertical measurements.
Engineering surveying is defined as
"those activities involved in the planning and execution of surveys for the location, design, construction, operation and maintenance of civil and other engineering projects. "
The surveying activities are;
Preparation of surveys and related mapping specifications
Execution of photogrammetric and field surveys for the collection of required data including topographic and hydrographic data.
Calculation, reduction and plotting of survey data for use in engineering design.
Design and provision of horizontal and vertical control survey networks.
Provision of line and grade and other layout for construction and mining activities.
Contents of the Book
Introduction
Errors in Measurement
Measurement of Horizontal Distances
Electronic Distance Measurements
Levelling
Permanent Adjustments of Levels
Angles and Directions
Compass Survey
Theodolites
Traverse survey and computations
Curves
Vertical curves
Areas and Volumes
Tacheometry
Plane table surveying
Topographical survey
Construction surveying
Underground surveys
Computer programs in surveying
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